Metal casting in a foundry is a complex process. Test methods are in place to help check castings to ensure quality. These inspection methods help identify potential
casting defects. As with other manufacturing processes, there are many types of casting defects, whether sand casting or lost wax casting. Defects in castings represent unwanted anomalies in the metal casting manufacturing process. Different types of defects include surface defects, inclusion defects, forming and pouring defects, and cooling defects.